Stage 2: Lock-in · Messaging
Users are retained through switching costs, data, network effects, or ecosystem dependency.
Stage
Function
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Telegram
2 Lock-inFast clients and huge channels; optional E2EE and a semi-centralized model create a distinct trade-off between freedom and trust in the operator.
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Signal
2 Lock-inStill user-respecting by default, but growing reliance on the nonprofit’s roadmap and network effects builds soft lock-in.
