Commerce · Platform

Dominant marketplace: Prime lock-in, ad load in search results, and third-party seller fees show clear tilt toward extraction.

Mature marketplace leaning on promoted listings, managed payments, and seller standards that favour scale over hobbyists.

Craft marketplace with rising fees, offsite ads, and pressure on sellers to absorb marketing and transaction costs.

Wholesale marketplace connecting independent brands with independent retailers; net-60 payment terms and free returns lower the barrier for small shops, though take rates remain substantial.

Merchant platform still oriented toward independence, though app ecosystem, payments, and enterprise upsells add lock-in over time.