Company
Stage
Function
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DoorDash
3Food delivery marketplace with fees stacked on restaurants and riders; convenience for diners, thin margins and policy fights everywhere else.
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Expedia
3Legacy OTA family: bundling, member pricing, and supplier terms tilt the stack toward the intermediary.
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HP Printers
3Printers sold cheap and recovered through ink: firmware that blocks third-party cartridges and subscription ink that stops working when you cancel.
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Sonos
3Premium multi-room speakers whose 2024 app rewrite broke features owners had paid for; years later the company is still cutting staff and rebuilding trust.
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Stripe
3Developer-first payments rails: pricing is real, but docs and APIs still deliver strong surplus to builders versus legacy processors.
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StubHub
2Secondary ticket marketplace—liquidity and buyer protection on one side, fees and volatile pricing on the other.
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Ticketmaster
3High fees, poor transparency, and an illegal monopoly leave fans worse off than a competitive market would.